Disaster Mental Health
Critical Incident Annotated Bibliography
of Web Resources

Junell Silver, Ph.D. and Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D.

Updated on November 20, 2006

 

This bibliographical research was prompted by the mental health needs presented by Hurricane Katrina. During times of frequently occurring disasters resulting in major emotional and psychological traumatic stress, it is important to have ready access to relevant information to more effectively assist those we serve. We thought it would be helpful to be able to quickly retrieve articles most pertinent to the areas of critical incidents and disaster mental health.

This annotated bibliography provides a representative sample of the articles, pamphlets, information sheets, and manuals available on the Web. Each article is arranged under headings relating to the subject of the article and the sponsoring organizations. Most articles are found under multiple headings. When using these resources, please follow conventional citation protocol and also observe restrictions where indicated in each document.

Each entry lists the article title, author, date, description, and a hyperlink to the article on the Web. Sometimes websites rearrange their content and in that case the hyperlink may no longer work. Then you can use a search engine, for example, “Google” to locate the article by using the name of the article as the search item.

This document can also be found online at the Santa Cruz Red Cross Chapter Website http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Annotated_Bibliography.htm . We want to acknowledge Jennifer Kaupp, Ph.D. and Mary Braham, R.N. for their contributions to this project, and Bill Fitler for technical support.

 

Topics

American Group Psychotherapy Association

American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress

American Psychological Association Help Center

American Red Cross

Assisting Affected Clients: Post Critical Incidents

Assisting Diverse Populations

Assisting Responders: Post Critical Incidents

David Baldwin’s Trauma Information Pages

Children

Crisis Management

Disaster Mental Health

Disaster Handouts and Manuals

Disaster Interventions

FEMA

Hurricane Katrina Focused Information

International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies

National Center for PTSD – Veteran’s Administration

National Institute of Mental Health

Psychological Debriefing Issues

PTSD Resources

Responses to Trauma

Resources for Clinicians

Self-Help Resources

Social Support References

Teenagers

Training Programs

Trauma and Neurodevelopment

Treatment of Trauma and PTSD

Terrorism and Disaster Mental Health

 

American Group Psychotherapy Association

Clinician Q&A - Treating Trauma Cases Using Groups - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, Q&A for Clinicians using group modality, http://www.agpa.org/events/clinician/treating.html.

Module 1: Group Interventions for Treatment of Trauma in Adults - pdf document - Website, Kathleen H. Ulman, Ph.D. Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/1-adults.pdf.

Module 2: Group Interventions for Treatment of Trauma in Children - pdf document - Website, Saul Scheidlinger, Ph.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/2-children.pdf.

Module 3: Group Interventions for Treatment of Trauma in Adolescents - pdf document - Website, Seth Aronson, Psy.D. & Gloria Batkin Kahn, Ed.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/3-adolescents.pdf.

Module 4: An Overview of Evidence-Based Group Approaches to Trauma with Adults - pdf document - Website, David W. Foy, Pd.D., William S. Unger, Ph.D., Melissa S. Wattenberg, Ph.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/4-adults-ebt.pdf.

Module 5: An Overview of Evidence-Based Group Approaches to Trauma with Children and Adolescents - pdf document - Website, Christopher M. Layne, Ph.D., Laura Murray, Ph.D., William R. Saltzman, Ph.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/5-children-adolescents-ebt.pdf.

Module 6: The Later Stage: The Role of Group Interventions in Coping with the Aftermath of Traumatic Events - pdf document - Website, Cecil A. Rice, Ph.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/6-later-stage.pdf.

Module 7: Countertransference: Effects on the Group Therapist Working with Trauma - pdf document - Website, Suzanne B. Phillips, Psy.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/7-countertransference.pdf.

Module 7: Countertransference Exercise 1 - pdf document - Website, Suzanne B. Phillips, Psy.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/7-countertransference-exercise-1.pdf.

Module 7: Countertransference Exercise 2 - pdf document - Website, Stamm & Figley, 1999, Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 1999, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/7-countertransference-exercise-2.pdf.

Module 8: Unique Aspects of Group Work with Trauma - pdf document - Website, Richard Beck; Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/8-unique-aspects.pdf.

Module 9: Identification and Management of Masked Trauma Reactions in Groups - pdf document - Website, Victor L. Schermer, M. A., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/9-masked-trauma.pdf.

Module 10: Group Interventions for Bereavement Following Traumatic Events - pdf document - Website, Maureen M. Underwood, LCSW, Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/10-bereavement.pdf.

Questions & Answers About Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Aftermath of the Terrorist Attacks - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, General Information about Traumatic Stress, Found at AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/general_public/Q&A.html.

Resources for the Clinicians - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, For Providers: Resources for trauma including website links, Found on AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/.

Appendix 1 Group Dynamics (Process) Factors in Small Groups –pdf document - Website, Saul Scheidlinger, Ph.D., Chapter in Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma; American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2004, For Providers: Description of Group Treatment for Psychological Trauma, http://www.agpa.org/pubs/2-children-appendices.pdf.

Why Groups Can Help Treat Trauma - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, For Providers: Discusses benefits of group treatment for trauma, Found on AGPA Website  http://www.agpa.org/events/general_public/why%20groups%20can%20help.html

Talking with our Children about Traumatic Events - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, Guidelines from national experts for communicate with children regarding traumatic events, Found at the AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/parents/talking.html.

When Disaster Hits a Community - Website, Mark Dembert, MD, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Guidelines for Interventions, Found at the AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/clinician/community.html.

What Every Person Should Know About Trauma - pdf document - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, General Public Information about Trauma, Found on the AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/traumahandout.pdf 

American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress

21 Things You Can Do While You're Living Through a Traumatic Experience - Website, Dr. Mark Lerner, The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, 2004, General information for handling acute stress from traumatic event, Found at The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc. Website -http://www.aaets.org/column5.htm.

In The Aftermath Of Hurricane Katrina: Addressing Emergent Psychological Needs, Website, Dr. Mark Lerner, The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, 2005, For Providers: Issues regarding psychological needs after Katrina, Found at The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., Website - http://www.aaets.org/column6.htm.

Terrorist Attack How We Can Prepare for the Hidden Trauma -Website, Dr. Mark Lerner, The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, Date not listed, For Providers: Preparing for managing the traumatic stress resulting from terrorists attack, Found at DrMarkLerner Website - http://www.drmarklerner.com/lerner%20column.htm

Helpful Information During and After a Traumatic Event - pdf. document, - Website, Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Trauma Response by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, Infosheet from The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., http://www.atsm.org/helpful.pdf.

“High-risk” indicators for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - pdf document - Website, Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Trauma Response by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, Infosheet from The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc. Website www.aaets.org/highrisk.pdf.

How Can We Help Grieving Individuals? - pdf document - Website, Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Trauma Response by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, Infosheet from The American Academy of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., http://www.atsm.org/grieving.pdf.

How Do People Respond During Traumatic Exposure? Reprint from The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, Inc. - pdf document - Website, Mark D Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph. D., 2005, For Providers, Trauma Response Information Sheet, http://www.atsm.org/during.pdf

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The 10 Stages of Acute Traumatic Stress Management (ATSM): A Brief Summary - pdf document - Website, The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, Inc Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Traumatic Stress Management™ by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, For Providers: Information on managing ATSM, http://www.atsm.org/ten stages atsm.pdf

Traumatic Stress: An Overview – Website, Reprinted from A Practical Guide for Crisis Response in Our Schools, Joseph S. Volpe, Pd.D., The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, permission is granted for reproduction & dissemination of this document, 2003, For Providers: Documents history and types of traumatic stress, http://www.aaets.org/article1.htm.

American Psychological Association Help Center

Christopher J. McLaughlin, director of professional development demonstration projects for the APA Practice Directorate, October, 2001, For Providers: Resiliency and self-care strategies, http://www.apa.org/practice/practitionerhelp.html.

Managing Traumatic Stress: Tips for Recovering From Natural Disasters - Website, American Psychological Association, Richard A. Heaps, Ph.D., ABPP; Jacqueline G Lapidus, Psy.D; and Rosemary Schwartzbard, Ph.D., 2005, General Information, APA Help Center, Found on APA Help Center Website -http://www.apahelpcenter.org/articles/article.php?id=69.

Organizational Information from APA Education Director - Website, APA, Sep-05, Resource information and contacts for Katrina Resource for Providers, Found at APA Website - http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb06/letters.html

Reactions And Guidelines For Children Following Trauma/Disaster - Website, APA Online: Compiled by Robin H. Gurwitch, Ph.D., Jane F. Silovsky, Ph.D., Shelli Schultz, Ph.D., Michelle Kees, Ph.D., & Sarah Burlingame, B.A , Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2005, Guidelines for Teachers, http://www.apa.org/practice/ptguidelines.html.

Resilience and Disease Outbreaks  - pdf document - Website, American Psychological Association, 2004, General Information regarding public skills of resilience, http://www.apahelpcenter.org/dl/the_road_to_resilience.pdf

Tapping Your Resilience in the Wake of Terrorism: Pointers for Practitioners, APA Online – Website, APA Board of Professional Affairs’ Advisory Committee on Colleague Assistance Chair, Michael F. O’Connor, Ph.D., Nancy S. Elman, Ph.D., and Karen W. Saakvitne, Ph.D., and Christopher J. McLaughlin, October 2001 For Providers: Resiliency and self-care strategies, http://www.apa.org/practice/practitionerhelp.html.

American Red Cross

ARC Mental Health Team On-Call Guidelines/Requirements, - Website, Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D. Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: On-Call Guidelines, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_MHteamoncall_guidelinesX.pdf

Considerations For A Hardship Assignment, - Website, Diane Bridgeman Ph.D. Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Issues regarding assignments, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Hardship_assignmentsx.pdf

Coping On A Disaster Assignment, - Website, Diane Bridgeman Ph.D. Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Strategies for coping, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Coping_on_an_AssignmentX.pdf

Ensuring Healthy Transitioning Post Disaster Assignment:  Guidelines for Mental Health Workers as Facilitators for Enhancing Resilience, Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D. Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_post_check_ins_facili_4D0A9.pdf

Following A Critical Incident: Tapping Into Resilience For Healthy Self-Care-Guidelines for Volunteer Responders, - Website, Diane Bridgeman Ph.D. Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Responders: Highlights use of resilience skills, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_post_selfcare_resiliencex.pdf

Guidelines for Mental Health Workers Assisting Health Workers/Nurses To Screen Volunteers Being Considered for National Disasters, Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D., Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Health Worker Screening Tool, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Asst_nurses_screen_pr_4D1DC.pdf

Mental Health Screening Assessment, - Website, Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D., Santa Cruz, CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Screening Assignment Assessment Tool, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Mental_Health_asses_4CF48.pdf

Steps for Post-Assignment Check-Ins With A Volunteer Returning From A Disaster, Diane Bridgeman, Ph.D., Santa Cruz CA Chapter, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers: Check-in guidelines, http://www.sccredcross.org/media/DMH_Steps_for_post_checkinsx.pdf

Coping with Disaster: Emotional Health Issues for Victims of Disasters - ARC Pamphlet - pdf document - Website, Disaster Services, ARC 4475, Sep-01, Pamphlet to be distributed, http://www.redcross.org/

Helping Children Cope with Disaster, FEMA Brochure, Developed by FEMA and ARC, Last updated, October 2004, Public Educational, Disaster Brochure, http://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/children.pdf

Managing Traumatic Stress: Tips for Recovering From Natural Disasters - Website, American Psychological Association, Richard A. Heaps, Ph.D., ABPP; Jacqueline G Lapidus, Psy.D; and Rosemary Schwartzbard, Ph.D., 2005, General Information, APA Help Center, Found on APA Help Center Website -http://www.apahelpcenter.org/articles/article.php?id=69.

When Bad Things Happen - ARC Pamphlet - pdf document - Website, Disaster Services  ARC 1356, Sep-01, Pamphlet to be distributed, http://www.redcross.org/.

Why do I feel like this? ARC Pamphlet - Pdf document -Website, Disaster Services  ARC 1355, Sep-01, Pamphlet to be distributed, http://www.redcross.org/.

Assisting Affected Clients: Post Critical Incidents

Assessing and Responding to Suicidal Intent: A Fact Sheet for Providers - Website, National Center for PTSD, Oct, 2005, For Providers: Guidelines for assessment/interventions, http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/topics/disaster_handout_pdfs/suicide.pdf

Behavioral Interventions for Recent Trauma: Empirically Informed Practice Guidelines –Website, Behavior Modification, Vol. 29, No. 1, 189-215, © 2005 SAGE Publications, Matt J. Gray & Brett T. Litz, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2005, For Providers: Promotes positive posttraumatic adjustment, http://www.sagepub.com/

 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Disaster: Psychological First Aid, Relaxation, Coping Skills Training and Direct Therapeutic Exposure; Chapter in Book, Francis R. Abueg & Bruce H. Young, 2005, For Providers: Behavioral treatment for PTSD, http://www.traumaresources.com/.

For Survivors of Katrina, Caregivers and Responders- An Important Message about Traumatic Stress - Website, Belleruth Naparstek LISW, Date not listed, Site provides a 15-minute sample of guided imagery to relieve stress, Found at the Health Journey Website. http://www.healthjourneys.com/archives.asp?aid=1254

Helpful Information During and After a Traumatic Event - pdf. Document –Website, Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Trauma Response by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, Infosheet from The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., http://www.atsm.org/helpful.pdf.

Helping Survivors in the Wake of Disaster, - Website, Bruce H. Young, L.C.S.W., Julian D. Ford, Ph.D. and Patricia J. Watson, Ph.D., Updated July 2005, A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet, Found at The National Center for PTSD -  http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/facts/disasters/fs_helping_survivors.html

How to Deal with Grief, - Website, National Mental Health Information Center, Oct-02, Guidelines and Resources, Found at the National Institute of Mental Health Website – http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/KEN-01-0104/default.asp

How Can We Help Grieving Individuals? - Pdf document - Website, Reprinted from Comprehensive Acute Trauma Response by Mark D. Lerner, Ph.D. and Raymond D. Shelton, Ph.D., 2005, Infosheet from The American Academy of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., http://www.atsm.org/grieving.pdf.

In The Aftermath Of Hurricane Katrina: Addressing Emergent Psychological Needs, Website, Dr. Mark Lerner, The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, 2005, Information for providers regarding psychological needs after Katrina, Found at The American Academy Of Experts In Traumatic Stress, Inc., Website - http://www.aaets.org/column6.htm.

Media Matters Victims' Guide to the Media Helps Victims of Trauma Deal with Media Questions website, Traumatic Stress Points Vol. 17 Number 3; Terry Clark University of Central Oklahoma, 2003, For Victims - Guide for the Media, The Victims’ Guide to the Media is posted Traumatic Stress Points.  Click on Media Matters on the side bar. http://www.istss.org/publications/TS/Summer03/index.htm

Mental Health Reactions After Disaster: A Fact Sheet for Providers; pdf document - Website, National Center for PTSD. For Providers: Information on mental health consequences of disaster., http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/pfa/PFA.html.

Psychosocial Treatment of Disaster Related Mental Health Problems: A Fact Sheet for Providers, National Center for PTSD, Provider Information regarding recommended interventions for individual's experiencing normal stress reactions, http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/topics/disaster_handout_pdfs/Psychosocial_Treatment.pdf

Reactions to a Major Disaster: A Fact Sheet for Survivors and their Families - Website, National Center for PTSD, For Survivors: a description of the ranges of emotions to be expected after a major disaster, http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/topics/disaster_handout_pdfs/Reactions_Survivors.pdf

Statement of Support and Concern for Survivors of Hurricane Katrina, - Website, Dean Kilpatrick, ISISS President-Elect, 2005, General Information as to immediate survivors needs, Found at the ISISS Website - http://www.istss.org/HK_Statement.htm.

The Immediate Response to Disaster: Guidelines for Adult Psychological First Aid; Book Chapter, Chapter 8, - pdf document, Bruce H. Young, From: Interventions Following Mass Violence and Disasters: Strategies for Mental Health Practice. Copyright ©2006 The Guilford Press. http://www.guilford.com/.

Trauma, Loss and Traumatic Grief, - Website, International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 2003, Public Education Pamphlets, http://www.istss.org/terrorism/sudden_traumatic_loss.htm.

What Every Person Should Know About Trauma - pdf document - Website, American Group Psychotherapy Association, Date not listed, General Public Information about Trauma, Found on the AGPA Website - http://www.agpa.org/events/traumahandout.pdf

When Terrible Things Happen: What You May Experience - pdf document - Website, The National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, National Center for PTSD, Date not listed, For General Public - Responses to Trauma, http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/pfa/When_Terrible_Things_Happen.pdf.

Assisting Diverse Populations

An Activity Book for African American Families: Helping Children Cope with Crisis – pdf document – Website, The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and The National Black Child Development Institute (NBCDI), 2002, For parents: Information for providing safety for children. http://www.nichd.nih.gov/

Anxiety disorders research with African Americans: Current Status, Neal, Angela M., Turner, Samuel M., Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 109(3) 400-410, May, 199, For Providers: Cross-Cultural information about anxiety disorders, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Cómo ayudar a los niños, a vérselas con el miedo y la ansiedad, - Website, National Mental Health Information Center, Jan-05, Information in Spanish, Found at the National Institute of Mental Health Website -  http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/

Culture-Sensitive Health Care: African American  - Website, From: What Language Dows Your Patient Hurt In? A Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care. Diversity Resources, Inc. Amherst, MA, 2000, For Providers. Guide for developing good relationships with African Americans, http://www.diversityresources.com/

Diversity Health Care Tips – Website, From What Language Does Your Patient Hurt In? A Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Diversity Resources, Inc. Amherst, MA; 2000,  http://www.diversityresources.com/rc_sample/tips.htm.

Epidemiology of Trauma, Frequency and Impact of Different Potentially Traumatic Events on Different Demographic Groups - Journal Article, Fran H. Norris, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Jun-92, Research Article, Regarding demographic group difference to traumatic events, http://www.fsu.edu/

Mental and social health during and after acute emergencies; emerging consensus? - pdf document - Website, Mark van Ommeren, Shekhar Saxena, & Benedetto Saraceno Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005;83: 71-76, 2005, For Disaster Mental Health Providers - Guidelines for mental health in disasters, http://www.who.int/

Postdisaster Stress in the United States and Mexico, A Cross-Cultural Test of the Multicriterion Conceptual Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - Journal Article, Fran H. Norris, Julia L. Perilla,  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Nov-01, Research Article focusing on Cross-Cultural Model of PTSD, http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/dtac/CulturalCompetency.asp.

PTSD and Telemental Health: A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet - Website, By Leslie Morland, Psy.D., Carolyn Greene, Ph.D., Josef Ruzek, Ph.D., & Linda Godleski,  MD; National Center for PTSD, July, 2005, Resources for providers to use Telemental for PTSD clients in rural areas, http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/facts/treatment/fs_telemental_health.html